This led to the development of NoSQL databases, which offer alternative

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While flat file databases are easy to understand and use, they have significant limitations, particularly in handling large amounts of data or complex relationships between data. As technology advanced, relational databases emerged as a more powerful and flexible solution. Introduced in the 1970s by Edgar F. Codd, relational databases use a tabular structure to store data. Data is organized into tables (also called relations), where each row represents a record, and each column represents a field or attribute.


The relational model introduced the concept of primary keys and foreign slovenia mobile phone numbers database keys, enabling relationships between tables and allowing for complex queries and data integrity. Popular relational database management systems (RDBMS) include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle Database. Relational databases rely on Structured Query Language (SQL) for defining, manipulating, and querying data. SQL is a powerful and standardized language that allows users to perform a wide range of operations, from retrieving specific data to creating and modifying database structures.


The relational model's strength lies in its simplicity, flexibility, and adherence to mathematical principles, which ensures consistency and reliability. However, as the volume, variety, and velocity of data grew in the digital age, traditional relational databases began to face challenges in scaling and handling unstructured or semi-structured data. approaches to data storage and management. NoSQL databases are designed to handle large-scale, distributed data and provide flexibility in data modeling.